Sound Processing Approaches

• Sample-based: musique concréte, originally with tape, replay, change speed, rearrange, loop
  • Trevor Wishart - Red Bird (1992)
  • Andrew Huang - 99 Red Balloons

• Granular: combine many tiny sound snippets
  • Barry Truax - The Wings of Nike (1987)
  • Barry Truax - Riverrun (1986)

• Time-domain audio effects: flangers, phasers, reverb, distortion
  • Steely Dan - Pex (1977)

• Frequency-domain audio effects: vocoder, pitch-shifting, time-stretching
  • Doctor Mix - 10 Famous Vocoder Songs